Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)

MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) AND BOTTLEBRUSH (Callistemon viminalis) LEAVES EXTRACT AS MOSQUITO LARVICIDE

gws.01.2021.08.13

ABSTRACT

MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) AND BOTTLEBRUSH (Callistemon viminalis) LEAVES EXTRACT AS MOSQUITO LARVICIDE

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Jelna M. De Leon, Michael Jomar B. Ison, Rolando V. Maningas

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.01.2021.08.13

Mosquitoes are major disease vectors, therefore keeping them under control is essential for human health. Insecticides have been shown to be effective at controlling mosquito populations, but insecticide resistance and environmental concerns are increasing. Looking for the health and environment hazards and cost of synthetic insecticides, there is a need to find a safe, practical and effective alternatives. This study aimed to determine the level of effectiveness and the presence of phytochemical analysis of Gliricidia sepium and Callistemon viminalis leaves extracts. It also included the larvicidal effect from the different extract formulations of Madre de Cacao and Bottlebrush at different instar stage of mosquito larvae. It further investigated whether there is no significant difference in the effectivity among the five different formulations of leaves extract. Results of the experiment revealed that 100% Madre de Cacao formulation were found to be very effective in killing mosquito larvae followed by 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75% while 100% Bottlebrush formulation came out as less effective. Likewise, Madre de Cacao and Bottlebrush contain sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and triterpene that have larvicidal impact on mosquito. Finally, a significant difference exists among the different treatments. Madre de Cacao and Bottlebrush maybe recommended as home-based mosquito larvicide which were found to be not hazardous to the health of people in extracting the leaves. A community may build and designate a certain area for plantation and development of Madre de Cacao tree and other plants that potentially source of insecticides specially mosquito larvae that can lessen the harmful effects of using commercial pesticides in controlling mosquitoes.

Pages 08-13
Year 2021
Issue 1
Volume 5

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gws.01.2021.05.07

ABSTRACT

ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Hibiscus cannabinus (KENAF)

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Nor Syafawati Mohamad Pauzi, Nurul Ain Saipul Bahari, Zarina Zainuddin

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.01.2021.05.07

Hibiscus cannabinus or commonly known as kenaf is a versatile plant that serves as resources for numerous manufacturing and livestock industries. Originally planted in West Africa, kenaf is now distributed in many countries including Malaysia as its fibres were proved to be an ultimate alternative resource for major industries such as automotive, paper and bio-composite. In fact, in Malaysia, due to its adaptation to wide range of climatic conditions, kenaf has potentially be chosen as a new industrial crop replacing tobacco. There have been many interests on regenerating kenaf via micropropagation as the demand for this crop has been increasing tremendously since the past decades. Hence, this study is initiated with the objective to establish in vitro propagation system of H. cannabinus. The callus induction was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). It was observed that calli were successfully induced on all the BAP concentrations tested. The optimum concentration of BAP that induced the healthiest and biggest calli was 3.0 mg/l. Shoot and root induction from the calli were attempted using MS medium supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of IBA, BA and GA3. From the seven treatments, three treatments successfully induced formation of shoot; treatment T3 (MS + 1.0 mg/l IBA + 2.5 mg/l BA), treatment T5 (MS + 0.1 mg/l IBA + 2.0 mg/l BA + 0.3 mg/l GA3) and treatment T6 (MS + 1.0 mg/l IBA + 2.5 mg/l BA + 0.3 mg/l GA3). The results obtained in this study can paved for more research on tissue culture of H. cannabinus.

Pages 05-07
Year 2021
Issue 1
Volume 5

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gws.01.2021.01.04

ABSTRACT

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF RHIZOPHORA APICULATA BLUME and RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA LAM.

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Kamaruddin Shamin-Shazwan, Rozilawati Shahari, Che Nurul Aini Che Amri, Zaleha Kassim, Zuhairi Ahmad

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.01.2021.01.04

Research on the morphological structures of R. apiculata and R. mucronata was carried out in three different regions from July to December 2018. The research aimed at observing and documenting the morphological structure of R. apiculata and R. mucronata. Samples were collected from selected locations in Peninsular Malaysia. Subsequently, samples were processed as herbarium vouchers. The vegetative and reproductive structures of both species were observed and identified. 55 morphological features were recorded and annotated as result of this research. The research revealed that vegetative and reproductive structures could differentiate R. mucronata from R. apiculata. According to this research, there were no significant differences in the morphological structures of R. apiculata and R. mucronata from three different locations. As a consequence, the data acquired in this research would be valuable for future studies on Rhizophora species.

Pages 01-04
Year 2021
Issue 1
Volume 5

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gws.02.2020.74.75

ABSTRACT

PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM MYRISTICA DACTYLOIDES GAERTN

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Saravanan Vivekanandarajah Sathasivampillai, Pholtan Rajeev Sebastian Rajamanoharan, Sujarajini Varatharasan

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.02.2020.74.75

Myristica dactyloides Gaertn. is an endemic plant species to Sri Lanka and it belongs to Myristicaceae family. M. dactyloides is a medicinal plant that is used to treat various illnesses in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka. There is no review published for M. dactyloides. Thus, this works aims summarize and present a comprehensive review including the phytochemistry of this plant species. This work would provide a foundation for further studying the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of M. dactyloides. Web of Science (an electronic database) was utilized to identify relevant published work. A sum of 21 compounds have been found in various parts of M. dactyloides belong to classes like arylalkanone and lignan. More compounds were identified from stem bark. Compounds including Malabaricone A have been identified in both seed and stem bark. On the other hand, this is no scientific evidence available for any pharmacological activity study for ethnomedical uses. This work provides a basis for further studying the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of this plant.

Pages 74-75
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

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gws.01.2020.43.45

ABSTRACT

MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TREATMENTS: INVESTIGATING THE GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Rana Shahzad Noor, Fiaz Hussain, Abu Saad, Muhammad Umair

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.01.2020.43.45

Maize (Zea mays) is one of Pakistan’s most important cereal crops and is widely used both for human consumption and for livestock feed. Seed germination, its morphological growth and yield depends on irrigation sequence. Rainfall is the only source of irrigation in Potohar region, Rawalpindi which mainly restrained sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, a study was planned to investigate the effect of different irrigation frequencies (1-day, 3-days and 5-days interval) on germination and early growth of maize at Koont research station, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during 2019 and 2020 crop seasons. The results elucidated that the continuous application of enough moisture via irrigation in 3-day interval enhance relatively higher (50%) percentage of germination followed by one day interval (43.75%). The enough moisture at five-day interval enhanced germination performance (68.75%). No significance effect was found on number of maize seedlings emergence while a considerable variation was observed on their emergence date, that the early emergence of maize seeds was enhanced in 1-day interval. As irrigation frequency decreased from 1 to 5 days interval, seedling emergence was delayed significantly (p<0.05). This indicated that a continuous application of enough water to the soil and maintaining soil moisture enhance the emergence of maize seeds to be takes placed earlier.

Pages 43-45
Year 2020
Issue 1
Volume 4

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gws.01.2020.35.42

ABSTRACT

EFFICACY OF VARIOUS INSECTICIDES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo) IN DHADING DISTRICT, NEPAL

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Sapana Parajuli, Bhimsen Shrestha, Puspa Raj Dulal, Bina Sapkota, Samikshya Gautam and Srijana Pandey

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.01.2020.35.42

Red pumpkin beetle, fruit fly, flea beetle, whitefly, squash bug, melon aphid, etc. are the major insect pests of summer squash resulting in a huge loss in quality and quantity to farmers A field trial was conducted to find out the comparative efficacy of various insecticides against the major insect pests of summer squash from January to June 2020 in Dhading district, Nepal. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four different insecticides i.e. Imidachloropid 17.8 SL @1.5ml/l, Spinosad 45SC @1ml/L, Azadiractin (Nimbecidine) 500ppm @ 5 ml/L, Jholmol @ 1:5 concentrations, and normal water spray as control as five treatments. The treatments were replicated four times and ‘Anna 303’ variety of summer squash was used under study. The results revealed that, among all the insecticides evaluated at all the four sprays, Imidachloropid recorded the maximum reduction in the population of red pumpkin beetle (RPB) (about 90%), other insects (about 88%) and also showed minimum leaf infestation % (28.5%), and leaf damage % per plant (15.63%) and Spinosad being at par with Imidachloropid followed by Azadirachtin and Jholmol respectively. Imidachloropid and Spinosad also showed comparatively lower fruit infestation by fruit fly i.e. 18.5% and 20.5 % respectively than other insecticides. Both Imidachloropid and Spinosad treated plots were statistically (p<0.05) similar and significantly superior over other treatments for yield (52.11 and 50.31Mt ha-1 respectively), for fruit length (37.62 and 37.12cm respectively) and fruit diameter (26.78 and 26.51cm respectively). A negative and strong correlation was found between yield and mean population of RPB and other insects, leaf infestation % per plant, leaf damage % per plant, and fruit infestation % per plant whereas fruit length and diameter showed a positive correlation with yield. The benefit-cost ratio was highest for plot treated with Imidachloropid (4.21) followed by Spinosad, Azadiractin, Jholmol, and Control. Thus, Imidachloropid was the most effective and economic in controlling the major insect pests of summer squash.

Pages 35-42
Year 2020
Issue 1
Volume 4

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gws.01.2020.31.34

ABSTRACT

REDISTRIBUTION OF REFORMA AGRARIA LAND OBJECT (TORA) IN SULAWESI TENGGARA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Rizma Aldillah

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.01.2020.31.34

The imbalance between the land supply and the need for land, has caused many problems, sometimes the problem is very difficult to find a solution. With the redistribution of the TORA program in the Southeast Sulawesi province, it helped to slow down the problem slowly. Problems that often occur in the TORA program are generally narrow and unequal land ownership, land conflicts, legal inconsistencies, and damage to natural resources. To that end, the implementation of landreform activities in support of the TORA program in Southeast Sulawesi Province is a synergy of programs from the Central Government which is coordinated with the local Regional Government, in this case the Forestry Service, Forest Area Strengthening Agency, National Land Agency, Regional Development Planning Agency, Cipta Karya Construction and Design, Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in the Southern Province. So that the true purpose of the Agrarian Reform is to restructure the structure of ownership, use and utilization of agrarian resources, especially land by the state as the basis of national development to realize a more equitable agrarian structure for all Indonesian people, in this case the people of Southeast Sulawesi Province.

Pages 31-34
Year 2020
Issue 1
Volume 4

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Posted by Nurul

gws.01.2020.27.30

ABSTRACT

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES FOR PLANT PATHOGENS DETECTION AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Manoj Paudel, Kiran Parajuli, Sovit Parajuli, Sudip Regmi

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.01.2020.27.30

Every year huge crop losses occur due to different pathogens and disease. The traditional method of pathogen detection, which is still in practice, through visual examination is not always precise. Early detection of plant pathogens prior to severe infection is very crucial which is possible through molecular diagnostic approaches and nucleic acid-based tests. As the genetic materials are the ultimate information storage sites in living organism, their exploration through the use of nanotechnology provides the path forward for the three Ds of genomic analysis of pathogens: Diversity, Detection, and Disease diagnosis. Molecular detection method is not only precise and accurate but also faster and easier approach. Pathogen detection through PCR based tests, microarray technology, multiplexing, gene sequencing, genetic markers play a pivotal role in timely detection of causatives and take proper action to prevent the pandemic in plant population and safeguard against possible risks and famine. It is of utmost importance to prioritize such methods to detect plant pathogens, to increase our understanding of ecology and epidemiology and to prevent the spread of inoculum prior to disease spread. The application of novel diagnostic methods to inoculum detection will guide towards better understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of epidemic development, and open up new opportunities for disease forecasting and management.

Pages 27-30
Year 2020
Issue 1
Volume 4

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gws.02.2020.70.73

ABSTRACT

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION BETWEEN HATCHERY AND WILD ANABAS TESTUDINEUS, BASED ON TRUSS NETWORK ANALYSIS

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Azfar, A.M., Siti-Waznah, A., Jalal, K,C.A.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.02.2020.70.73

Several body measurement methods used to identify stock have recently been criticized because of inherent biases and weaknesses. As an alternative, a new system of morphometric measurement called the truss network has been increasingly used for stock identification. Therefore, the morphometric differentiations between wild and captive populations of Anabas testudineus were carried out throughout this study using a truss network. Truss measurements based on anchored at ten homologous landmarks with 19 distances of 120 specimens were measured. Discriminant analysis was performed to investigate distinctions and patterns of morphological variations between wild and captive populations of Anabas testudineus. The findings support the use of the truss network to study the morphological variation among populations as it provides interesting perspectives for the study of biodiversity patterns.

Pages 70-73
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

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gws.02.2020.64.69

ABSTRACT

EVALUATION OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) AND ONION (Allium cepa) EXTRACTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) ON BABY CORN (Zea mays L) UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

Journal: Science Heritage Journal | Galeri Warisan Sains (GWS)
Author: Munyore, M., Rioba, N. B.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Doi: 10.26480/gws.02.2020.64.69

The effects of Allium sativum and Allium cepa extracts on the Fall Armyworm and growth of Babycorn (Variety SG 18) under greenhouse conditions were evaluated. Treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The factors included solvents used: Dichroloromethane (DCM), Methanol (Me), Distilled water (Di) and type of plant used: Allium sativum and Allium cepa. The positive and negative controls were Coragen SC 200 (Co) and distilled water (Di), respectively. Data collection and analysis was done using appropriate procedures. The extraction yield was highest with Methanol for A cepa and distilled water for A sativum, while DCM yielded the least for both plants. Saponins, glycosides, alkaloid and tannins were present in all the plant species, but their presence was influenced by the solvent type. Flavoniods were only present in DCM-A sativum extract whose content was 5.2378 ± 0.1094 mg/mL. DCM and Methanolic extracts of A cepa and A sativum were as effective as Coragen SC 200 against FAW larvae as opposed to distilled water extract. No significant differences were noted for plant height and leaf numbers. Further evaluation should be done towards making commercially available and effective insecticide for integrated FAW management.

Pages 64-69
Year 2020
Issue 2
Volume 4

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Posted by din