Microbial quality and quantity in fermentation is critical to obtaining value added products. This research aimed at investigating the interactive effect of group, day and concentration in thefermentation ofleaf extracts of A. annua and V. amygdalina intomore value added products. The aqueous leaf extracts of A. annua (A.AAQ) and aqueous V. Amygdalina (VAAQ) were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus respectively for 35days and evaluated for Colony Forming Units (CFU). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance to compare and separate the means. The effect and interactive effectsof group alone, group and day, group and concentration, group, day and concentration, group and concentration on CFU of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophiluswere not significantly different (p > 0.05) On the other hand, the effect of day, concentration, day and concentration on CFU of Saccharomycescerevisiae as well as effect of group on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilusWere significantly different (p < 0.05; 0.001) The effect of day, concentration and interactive effect of day and concentration on CFU of Lactobacillus acidophiluswere significantly different (p < 0.05; 0.001) * 0.1 conclusion, the effect of day and concentration as well as the interactive effect of day and concentration may have significantly affected the CFU of both organisms used in the fermentation there by accounting for facilitating the fermentation process.

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding time on growth, morphology, and amino acid composition in juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in a concrete fish pond. Fish (6.03 ± 0.16 g) was divided into four groups at a stocking density of 10 per pond with different feeding time intervals: group (A) (control) fed 08:00, 13:00, 20:00 h), Group B (08:00 and 13:00), Group C (13:00 and 20:00), and Group D (08:00 and 20:00) in three replicate for 8 weeks. According to the result, Groups B and C obtained body mass index (BMI), and daily growth rate (DGR), lipid gain, and organ indices compared to the control. In addition, whole-body and muscle crude protein were reduced, with an opposite trend observed in nitrogen-free extract in Groups B and C, while Group D was almost similar to the control. This was also similar for the levels of the essential amino acids (threonine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine) and non-essential amino acids related (serine, glycine) profile. Overall, the findings suggest that timing feeding with the endogenous rhythms of C. gariepinus enhances growth, nutrient utilization and health, possibly yielding an economically viable aquaculture production.

Different kinds of diseases are seen in plants throughout their lifecycle. Pathogens like fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are found to cause these diseases, resulting in huge yield loss to farmers. Different diagnostic methods such as ELISA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and microscopy provide effective results but are costly, time consuming and require an established laboratory. Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) can be used as an alternative tool for these diagnostic tools. RPA is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique that generally works at a temperature range of 25-43°C, which is also feasible to operate in field conditions. This tool provides amplification results within 15-30 minutes, which makes it a better alternative to time consuming tools. Furthermore, it is comparatively cheaper than other commercial diagnostic tools. Amplicons can be detected using different detection platforms such as colorimetric dyes, smartphone assisted fluorescence imaging, and lateral flow dipsticks. RPA can also be integrated with other molecular tools like the CRISPR-Cas system and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to provide improved specificity and accuracy. RPA stands as a mobile, cost effective and accurate diagnostic tool that can play a major role in the early diagnosis of diseases resulting reduction in economic losses and an enhancement of biosecurity.