A study was conducted to understand the Profitability of Peste des Petits (PPR) vaccine adoption in Dhading district, Nepal to determine whether PPR vaccinated goats generate higher profits for female goat keepers and to identifying the associated barriers of PPR vaccine adoption. Altogether 120 households were selected using random sampling technique. Primary data were collected using semi-structured and pre- tested household questionnaire, FGDs and KIIs while secondary data were collected from different published records. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Data were encoded and analyzed excel, SPSS and R-Stat. In subsistence goat farming, the average production cost per goat was NRs.4226 annually, with BCR of 2.05. The vaccinated goats farming have BCR of 4.69 while unvaccinated goats farming has 1.61 BCR, which suggest that the goat farm adopted with PPR vaccination is profitable. Among 13 barriers of vaccine adoption explored the communication in between goat keepers and CAHW and Education status of farmers are more likely to enhance the adoption of PPR vaccine. PPR vaccine adoption is driven by an integrated approach that binds the responsibility of goat farmers, community, local government and national level institutes including government and non-government organizations which help to increase women’s economic and social empowerment and contribute to more sustainable agribusiness through equitable subsistence goat farming systems. Moreover, it is important to establish a reliable information system within the cooperative to ensure that farmers receive timely and accurate information about vaccination campaigns and elongate the duration of vaccination campaign.

Due to the unfavourable and dangerous effects of conventional insecticides, protecting stored food grains against insect pest infestation has become a significant issue. Against this back drop, a laboratory experiment arranged in Complete Randomised Design was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Bridellia micrantha and Chasmanthra dependens against S. zeamais infestation on stored maize. Twenty grams (20g) maize seeds were admixed with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g of each of the treatments in triplicates. Results showed that both plant materials caused significant adult mortality, suppressed infestation (9.45 – 21.71%), seed damage (6.88 – 21.71%) and reduced weight loss (5.79 – 34.01%) compared to control with increasing dosage rates. However, none of the plant powders was able to guarantee 100% protection against infestation, but both plant powders showed a significant promising effect in suppressing S. zeamais susceptibility to infestation and seed damage. The results obtained suggest that B. micrantha and C. dependens may be explored as a good potential botanical source insecticide as effective and suitable alternative to synthetic insecticides for S. zeamais infestation management on stored maize seeds due to their toxicity, oviposition deterrent, ovicidal activity and seed damage suppression.

This study describes a new Paleogene Rotaliid genus Uvigerinelloides from the middle Oligocene, Septarienthon of Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. It is characterized by fusiform triserial perforate calcareous test, chambers regularly triserial throughout, while the final chambers more loosely arranged, surface finely hispid to smooth, which the last-formed chambers often entirely smooth, aperture slender neck and slightly phialine lip. This genus differs from the other Uvigeriniid genera by its finely hispid to smooth surface, which the last-formed chambers often entirely smooth.

Floral characteristics of 27 mango varieties were studied during February-May, 2024. Distinct variations were found among the studied varieties. Significant variation were observed in term of number of male flower per inflorescence, number of hermaphrodite flower per inflorescence, length of inflorescence and width of inflorescence ranging from 57 to 1737, 7 to 461, 19 cm to 40.6 cm, 6.4 cm to 25.7 cm respectively. The result disclosed that in all varieties flowers were of pentamerous type and inflorescence position were found terminal. The number of male flower per inflorescence were highest in Bombay (1737). In term of number of hermaphrodite flowers per inflorescence, chausa has highest number (461). In overall, male flower per inflorescence were more than hermaphrodite flower per inflorescence across all varieties except Amrapali, Jarda and Chausa. Ratna has the longest inflorescence (40.6 cm) and widest inflorescence (25.7 cm). From the study, it can be inferred that chausa will have more fruit set as it has more hermaphrodite flowers but seeing the overall floral character Ratna is more superior as it has longest and widest inflorescence and second highest in term of number of hermaphrodite flower among the studied varieties. The findings of the study will be beneficial for breeding purposes while developing new varieties of superior quality.

Chlorination is one technique used to treat wastewater; this method is particularly good at eliminating bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Chlorination is a common treatment method because it is more effective than other methods at eliminating most pathogenic organisms; however, it is also capable of eliminating the majority of other contaminants found in water. Seven bacteria were isolated from the sewage water in the current study, which included 30 sample collections from various locations throughout our city, both before and after the sewage water was treated with chlorine. (Staph. intermedis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staph.epidermidis, E.coli, Vibrio,cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.) The Vitek 2 system was used in conjunction with macroscopic and microscopic examination to make the diagnosis of those isolated bacteria. The amount of isolated bacteria decreased and some of them were killed after being treated with 10 mg/L of chlorine

The study dealt with the natural vegetation cover of the Khawabi region, as it abounds with many trees, shrubs, and herbs. This study was conducted during the years 2020-2021, and 173 plant species were randomly collected.,the study included the classification of plant species using the Libyan flora and the analysis of the growth patterns of the plant species The predominance are annual plants with a percentage of 60.11%, then followed by short perennial plants with a percentage of 28.90%, then terrestrial plants with a percentage of 7.51%, then tall plants with a percentage of 3.46% and comparing the order of the ten largest families in the Libyan flora with the families in the study area, where the ancestral family was It is the first and then the compound family, and the number of endemic plant species accounted for 3.46%, as the region is characterized by a Mediterranean climate.

This study describes the new Paleocene Rotaliid genus Bolivinoidesella of sample ODP 198-drilled on the Southern High of Shatsky Rise, Site 1210A- 24H-4(30–32), 219.70, Pacific Ocean, which located at tropical latitudes (~10oN) around the K/Pg boundary from lower bathyal–upper abyssal environment (1500–2000 m). It is characterized by finely perforate calcareous wall with elongate large biserial test, nearly globular chambers increasing rapidly as added, surface ornamented with wrinkles, sutures obscured in the lower part of the test, but slightly depressed in the upper part, narrow opening basal aperture. The new genus Bolivinoidesella differs from the genus Bolivinoides by elongate test, wrinkled rugose ornamented surface than rhomboidal test with longitudinal costae may bifurcated distally.

Bridelia ferruguinea bark is investigated for its phytochemical composition and bioactivity to explore its therapeutic potential. The phytochemical analysis reveals significant quantities of alkaloids (62.95 mg/g), saponins (64.31 mg/g), flavonoids (100.19 mg/g), tannins (78.08 mg/g), and phenols (253.62 mg/g). The nitrogen-free extract dominates at 53.23%, followed by crude fiber at 24.44%. Additionally, the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash content in Bridelia ferruguinea bark powder are reported at 7.63%, 2.15%, 8.72%, and 3.83%, respectively. Assessment of bioactivity indicates a lipid inhibition percentage of 23.88% and a vitamin C content of 55.97%. Moreover, the bark exhibits Fe chelation (13.44%) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (83.54%). Furthermore, it demonstrates inhibition of albumin denaturation (62.71%) and antiproteinase activity (69.534%). Importantly, it shows promising α-amylase inhibition (37.60%) and α-glucosidase inhibition (58.07%). These diverse bioactivities suggest potential applications in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, warranting further studies for formulation development targeting both human and animal health. Bridelia ferruguinea bark emerges as a valuable natural resource with multifaceted therapeutic prospects, inviting extensive exploration for practical utilization.

Weather derivatives pricing is one of the central issues in the study of this type of financial product, and there is no uniform methodology. To price the temperature option with Shanghai temperature as the underlying and explore how to improve the accuracy of option pricing, firstly, the time-varying O-U model is combined with Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the Shanghai-based temperature option pricing, and then Shanghai and its neighboring Dongtai, Quxian, and Dinghai are selected to constitute an option portfolio and priced using the same method. The results are obtained: 1) the predicted price of each unit of Shanghai temperature option is 1732.33 yuan, and the actual price is 1557.84 yuan, with a relative error of 9.1%; 2) the predicted price of each unit of option portfolio is 1598.12 yuan, and the actual price is 1500.72 yuan, with a relative error of 6.5%; and 3) the same pricing steps are repeated several times, with a very robust relative error. It can be seen that the pricing method has stability and higher prediction accuracy and can be used in practice. At the same time, pricing after selecting multiple cities to form a weather derivative portfolio has higher accuracy i.e. less risk than pricing only for a single city.

This investigation was applied to isolate and identify bacteria in three different restaurants order to predict their effects on people. Power plate method for isolation of bacteria the samples were inoculated into nutrient agar media by streak plate technique to obtain well isolated colonies. The results show the identity and the total colony forming units (CFU) for bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were the bacterial species: Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus subtilus (11.12, 8.24, 20.11,17.32, 17.01, 10.31 and 8.27) % respectively. According to the bacteria the higher numbers of bacteria were isolated on menu and containers.